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Wednesday, June 27, 2012
How to Start Using Passbook on iOS 6 [Video]
Monday, June 25, 2012
Neurons that control overeating also drive appetite for cocaine
Monday, June 25, 2012
Researchers at Yale School of Medicine have zeroed in on a set of neurons in the part of the brain that controls hunger, and found that these neurons are not only associated with overeating, but also linked to non-food associated behaviors, like novelty-seeking and drug addiction.
Published in the June 24 online issue of Nature Neuroscience, the study was led by Marcelo O. Dietrich, postdoctoral associate, and Tamas L. Horvath, the Jean and David W. Wallace Professor of Biomedical Research and chair of comparative medicine at Yale School of Medicine.
In attempts to develop treatments for metabolic disorders such as obesity and diabetes, researchers have paid increasing attention to the brain's reward circuits located in the midbrain, with the notion that in these patients, food may become a type of "drug of abuse" similar to cocaine. Dietrich notes, however, that this study flips the common wisdom on its head.
"Using genetic approaches, we found that increased appetite for food can actually be associated with decreased interest in novelty as well as in cocaine, and on the other hand, less interest in food can predict increased interest in cocaine," said Dietrich.
Horvath and his team studied two sets of transgenic mice. In one set, they knocked out a signaling molecule that controls hunger-promoting neurons in the hypothalamus. In the other set, they interfered with the same neurons by eliminating them selectively during development using diphtheria toxin. The mice were given various non-invasive tests that measured how they respond to novelty, and anxiety, and how they react to cocaine.
"We found that animals that have less interest in food are more interested in novelty-seeking behaviors and drugs like cocaine," said Horvath. "This suggests that there may be individuals with increased drive of the reward circuitry, but who are still lean. This is a complex trait that arises from the activity of the basic feeding circuits during development, which then impacts the adult response to drugs and novelty in the environment."
Horvath and his team argue that the hypothalamus, which controls vital functions such as body temperature, hunger, thirst fatigue and sleep, is key to the development of higher brain functions. "These hunger-promoting neurons are critically important during development to establish the set point of higher brain functions, and their impaired function may be the underlying cause for altered motivated and cognitive behaviors," he said.
"There is this contemporary view that obesity is associated with the increased drive of the reward circuitry," Horvath added. "But here, we provide a contrasting view: that the reward aspect can be very high, but subjects can still be very lean. At the same time, it indicates that a set of people who have no interest in food, might be more prone to drug addiction."
###
Yale University: http://www.yale.edu
Thanks to Yale University for this article.
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WPI professor wins Catalyst Award for innovative design for grid storage batteries
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Public release date: 25-Jun-2012[ | E-mail |
Share ] Contact: Michael Dorsey
mwdorsey@wpi.edu
508-831-5609
Worcester Polytechnic Institute
Yan Wang receives award from the Massachusetts Clean Energy Center to support work on a new design for flow batteries that can be used to store electric energy produced by wind and solar power installations
Worcester, Mass. An innovative design developed by a researcher at Worcester Polytechnic Institute (WPI) for flow batteriesrechargeable energy systems that can be used to store electric energy produced by wind and solar power installationshas received a 2012 Catalyst Award from the Massachusetts Clean Energy Center. The one-year, $40,000 award will support continued work on the new technology, which promises significantly higher energy and power density and longer cycle life than conventional flow batteries at a significantly lower cost.
In flow batteries, an electrolyte solution flows through an electrochemical cell that converts chemical energy to electricity. The flow can be reversed to store electric energy from the power grid as chemical energy. The innovation developed by Yan Wang, assistant professor of mechanical engineering at WPI and director of the university's Electrochemical Energy Laboratory, replaces the electrolyte solutions typically used in flow batteries with thick suspensions containing particles of nickel and zinc.
Using these suspensions, Wang has been able to greatly increase the concentration of electrically active material in the solutions, resulting in about a 10-fold increase in energy density (the amount of energy that can be stored in a given volume) and about 2.5 times the power density (he amount of power that can be generated with a given volume of material) when compared with conventional flow batteries.
In a further innovation, the metal particles in Wang's suspensions also serve as the battery's anode and cathode (positive and negative terminals). This simplifies the battery's design, significantly lowering its manufacturing costs and extending its useful life. "Often," Wang said, "up to 50 percent of a battery's volume is packaging and other components. In our design, the metal particles take the place of those components, so the battery can be more compact."
Because the suspensions are water-based, the battery is also safer to operate than batteries that use organic chemicals, including lithium-ion batteries, Wang added.
With the Catalyst Award, Wang, his research team, and his collaborator, Diran Apelian, Alcoa-Howmet Professor of Mechanical Engineering at WPI and director of the university's Metal Processing Institute, will experiment with new formulations that will more effectively keep the heavy metal particles in suspension. They will also conduct experiments to measure the battery's performance and will build a working prototype. They ultimately plan to found a start-up company to commercialize the new battery technology.
"Right now, the ability to store and retrieve energy is the Achilles heel in the world of renewable energy," said Apelian, who founded WPI's Center for Resource Recovery and Recycling, the nation's first materials recovery and recycling center. "By helping to address this challenge, Yan Wang's work will be critical to our nation's wellbeing. The work that he and our students are doing will make a huge impact. It is exciting for WPI to be part of this initiative, and to lead it."
###
About the Catalyst Program
The Massachusetts Clean Energy Center (MassCEC) Catalyst Program, which is funded by MassCEC and managed by Massachusetts Technology Transfer Center, awards early-stage researchers and startups grant awards of up to $40,000 to help demonstrate the commercial viability of their clean energy technology. The funding is part of the state's match to the Department of Commerce funded Cleantech Innovations New England program. Recipients must use the awards for projects that move their technology toward commercialization. The program's goal is to help technologies progress along the development curve to a point where additional commercialization funding can be obtained.
About Worcester Polytechnic Institute
Founded in 1865 in Worcester, Mass., WPI was one of the nation's first engineering and technology universities. Its 14 academic departments offer more than 50 undergraduate and graduate degree programs in science, engineering, technology, business, the social sciences, and the humanities and arts, leading to bachelor's, master's and doctoral degrees. WPI's talented faculty work with students on interdisciplinary research that seeks solutions to important and socially relevant problems in fields as diverse as the life sciences and bioengineering, energy, information security, materials processing, and robotics. Students also have the opportunity to make a difference to communities and organizations around the world through the university's innovative Global Perspective Program. There are more than 25 WPI project centers throughout North America and Central America, Africa, Australia, Asia, and Europe.
[ | E-mail | Share ] ?
AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.
Public release date: 25-Jun-2012[ | E-mail |
Share ] Contact: Michael Dorsey
mwdorsey@wpi.edu
508-831-5609
Worcester Polytechnic Institute
Yan Wang receives award from the Massachusetts Clean Energy Center to support work on a new design for flow batteries that can be used to store electric energy produced by wind and solar power installations
Worcester, Mass. An innovative design developed by a researcher at Worcester Polytechnic Institute (WPI) for flow batteriesrechargeable energy systems that can be used to store electric energy produced by wind and solar power installationshas received a 2012 Catalyst Award from the Massachusetts Clean Energy Center. The one-year, $40,000 award will support continued work on the new technology, which promises significantly higher energy and power density and longer cycle life than conventional flow batteries at a significantly lower cost.
In flow batteries, an electrolyte solution flows through an electrochemical cell that converts chemical energy to electricity. The flow can be reversed to store electric energy from the power grid as chemical energy. The innovation developed by Yan Wang, assistant professor of mechanical engineering at WPI and director of the university's Electrochemical Energy Laboratory, replaces the electrolyte solutions typically used in flow batteries with thick suspensions containing particles of nickel and zinc.
Using these suspensions, Wang has been able to greatly increase the concentration of electrically active material in the solutions, resulting in about a 10-fold increase in energy density (the amount of energy that can be stored in a given volume) and about 2.5 times the power density (he amount of power that can be generated with a given volume of material) when compared with conventional flow batteries.
In a further innovation, the metal particles in Wang's suspensions also serve as the battery's anode and cathode (positive and negative terminals). This simplifies the battery's design, significantly lowering its manufacturing costs and extending its useful life. "Often," Wang said, "up to 50 percent of a battery's volume is packaging and other components. In our design, the metal particles take the place of those components, so the battery can be more compact."
Because the suspensions are water-based, the battery is also safer to operate than batteries that use organic chemicals, including lithium-ion batteries, Wang added.
With the Catalyst Award, Wang, his research team, and his collaborator, Diran Apelian, Alcoa-Howmet Professor of Mechanical Engineering at WPI and director of the university's Metal Processing Institute, will experiment with new formulations that will more effectively keep the heavy metal particles in suspension. They will also conduct experiments to measure the battery's performance and will build a working prototype. They ultimately plan to found a start-up company to commercialize the new battery technology.
"Right now, the ability to store and retrieve energy is the Achilles heel in the world of renewable energy," said Apelian, who founded WPI's Center for Resource Recovery and Recycling, the nation's first materials recovery and recycling center. "By helping to address this challenge, Yan Wang's work will be critical to our nation's wellbeing. The work that he and our students are doing will make a huge impact. It is exciting for WPI to be part of this initiative, and to lead it."
###
About the Catalyst Program
The Massachusetts Clean Energy Center (MassCEC) Catalyst Program, which is funded by MassCEC and managed by Massachusetts Technology Transfer Center, awards early-stage researchers and startups grant awards of up to $40,000 to help demonstrate the commercial viability of their clean energy technology. The funding is part of the state's match to the Department of Commerce funded Cleantech Innovations New England program. Recipients must use the awards for projects that move their technology toward commercialization. The program's goal is to help technologies progress along the development curve to a point where additional commercialization funding can be obtained.
About Worcester Polytechnic Institute
Founded in 1865 in Worcester, Mass., WPI was one of the nation's first engineering and technology universities. Its 14 academic departments offer more than 50 undergraduate and graduate degree programs in science, engineering, technology, business, the social sciences, and the humanities and arts, leading to bachelor's, master's and doctoral degrees. WPI's talented faculty work with students on interdisciplinary research that seeks solutions to important and socially relevant problems in fields as diverse as the life sciences and bioengineering, energy, information security, materials processing, and robotics. Students also have the opportunity to make a difference to communities and organizations around the world through the university's innovative Global Perspective Program. There are more than 25 WPI project centers throughout North America and Central America, Africa, Australia, Asia, and Europe.
[ | E-mail | Share ] ?
AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.
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USAID cuts funding for Elmo on Pakistan TV
The US cut $20 million for Pakistani version of Sesame Street. USAID alleges fraud against the show's producers, but the cutbacks come as the US is pulling back foreign aid.
Pakistan?s version of Sesame Street ? complete with an Elmo who squeals in Urdu ? is facing a cutback in support from USAID, America?s Agency for International Development.
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EnlargePakistan?s version of Sesame Street ? complete with an Elmo who squeals in Urdu ? is facing a cutback in support from USAID, America?s Agency for International Development.
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The cutbacks come amid allegations of fraud by the Lahore-based theater group that produces the children?s show, the Rafi Peer Theatre Workshop, but it also comes at a time when the US-Pakistani relationship is strained, and when the US government is cutting back dramatically on foreign aid worldwide.
USAID allocated $20 million for the production of Sim Sim Hamara (which means ?Our Street? in Urdu), and $6.7 million of that was used to produce the first season, which premiered in 2011. The remainder of the contract has been terminated, pending the results of an investigation into the fraud charges.
"We did launch an investigation into the allegations. We also sent the theater workshop a letter that terminates the project agreement," US State Department spokesman Mark Toner told a news briefing in Washington on June 5. "No one is questioning, obviously, the value and positive impact of this kind of programming for children. But this is about allegations of corruption."
Faizaan Peerzada, Rafi Peer?s chief operating officer, denied the fraud charges, saying in a statement, ?Rafi Peer is proud of its association with the project and the quality of children?s educational television programming created within Pakistan as a result.?
Whatever the ultimate result of the investigation, the shutdown of funds into children?s broadcasting in Pakistan come at an unfortunate time in the US-Pakistani relationship.
NATO airstrikes and US special forces raids on Pakistani territory have strained Pakistani patience with the US-led war on terror, and Pakistan has shut off NATO?s use of Pakistani roads and ports to resupply its troops in Afghanistan. The US, meanwhile, has grown increasingly frustrated with what it sees as signs of either Pakistani collusion with militant groups such as the Taliban, or incompetence in bringing them under control.
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Sunday, June 24, 2012
WANTED: Victory Ranch Club has immediate openings for golf course maintenance employees . $10. an hour starting....
Source: Park Record
| Victory Ranch Club has immediate openings for golf course maintenance employees . $10. an hour starting. Please contact Justin at 435-785-5050 or e-mail a resume to justin@victoryranchclub.com |
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Illinois trying to buck falling attendance trend in college basketball
CHAMPAIGN ? Section 17 in Duke?s cozy Cameron Indoor Stadium is sacred ground in college basketball.
The 1,200-seat stretch of bleachers across the court from the team benches is home to the Cameron Crazies, Duke?s student section that?s as big a part of college basketball as the home-court advantage, Dickie V and, dare we say, March Madness.
Yet Cameron hasn?t been immune to a problem seen across the country: falling attendance.
Duke sometimes sells 550 unused student seats in Section 17 to adult fans to keep Cameron full, and that reflects a trend: It?s easier to get a ticket to a college basketball game these days.
?Part of the discussion is, ?Hey, if it?s not happening at Duke, we?re all in trouble,? Bradley athletic director Michael Cross said.
College basketball attendance averages fell this year for the fifth consecutive season. According to a study conducted by the Chronicle of Higher Education, nearly one in five Division I men?s basketball programs saw attendance fall by 20 percent or more over the past four seasons. Including the regular season and NCAA tournament, overall attendance has fallen by an average of 348 fans per game since 2007.
The slide is a growing topic among college coaches and administrators.
?There?s always a concern when you have revenue streams going down,? Missouri Valley Conference commissioner Doug Elgin said.
Sometimes the decline in attendance is based on the product on the court. Otherwise, it?s blamed on the economy, a regular season overshadowed by March Madness or the saturation of games on television, not to mention the HD home theaters that turn a couch into a luxury box. Late-night made-for-TV game times and the transient nature of today?s game also play a role.
Success sells
Basketball ticket revenue often accounts for 5 percent to 10 percent of a major-college athletic budget, and nothing sells tickets like putting a winner on the floor. When Dee Brown, Deron Williams and the gang were the big deal at Illinois in 2005, Assembly Hall was packed.
The school put together a streak of 60 consecutive sellouts and had an average capacity crowd of 16,618 for three seasons, ending in 2008. At one point, the Illini filled the Hall with season ticket holders for four consecutive years and ranked ninth nationally in attendance.
Last season, Illinois stood 14th in the country in attendance after falling to an average of 14,986 (counting a ?home?? game against UNLV at the United Center in Chicago). The number, like elsewhere, reflected tickets sold.
?If you?re spending a lot on marketing and not having success on the field of competition, you?re not moving the needle a lot,? said Illinois athletic director Mike Thomas, who fired coach Bruce Weber after the Illini missed the NCAA tournament for the third time in five seasons.
Despite the saturation of the Big Ten Network in the conference footprint, the league led national attendance numbers for the 36th straight year while averaging 12,868 fans per game.
Meanwhile, the Atlantic Coast Conference ranked fifth nationally among conferences after falling 12 percent in the past four years to 9,876 per game. The Pac-12 dropped to 7,143 ? a 17 percent loss over the same span ? in part because of struggles on the court. The Big East and SEC also have seen slight declines, while the Big 12 remained steady.
Overexposure
But winning isn?t everything. Florida State finished third in the ACC but had an 8 percent drop in ticket sales from the previous year. And let?s not forget Section 17 at Duke.
March Madness is the elephant in the room. To the casual fan, it?s the only time to watch college hoops.
?The regular season isn?t going to be as attractive,? said Jim Haney, the executive director of the National Association of College Basketball Coaches. ?Maybe not as much to the avid fan, but the casual fan is more intrigued by a championship than he is necessarily with the regular season.?
The number of televised games and the late-night tipoffs often keep folks at home. With HD, Xbox, the Internet and multiple games at the touch of the remote control, perhaps there?s nothing more fan friendly than the couch.
?The longer they?re at home at night, the harder it is to get them out and get them into your building,? Cross said.
Cross says game times play a key role: With TV setting so many late tipoffs, it hurts attendance at the benefit of more TV coverage.
?If I choose to go to a game at 9 on a Monday night, I?ve got to be pretty darn invested,? Cross said. ?TV has become so much of a driver in the decision-making. I don?t even think it gets debated anymore. If ESPN says play at 9 o?clock, I don?t know if people are discussing, ?No, we don?t want to do it.? People want that exposure.?
The glut runs for five months. The season starts in early November and runs into April.
?It?s a supply-and-demand thing. There?s a ton of supply out there now,? said new Illinois coach John Groce. ?When we were growing up, you saw a Big Ten game, or Kansas, Kentucky, UCLA or North Carolina.?
Groce coached at mid-major Ohio University last season, and the Bobcats were shown on five different outlets.
Power conferences overcome losses in ticket sales with massive TV deals, such as the Big Ten Network paying each conference school $7.9 million last season.
Rule No. 1 framed on Cross? wall: ?The more prosperous a sport becomes, the more likely it is to destroy the reasons for its prosperity.?
Somewhere, the integrity and traditions that made the game so great were lost in the money. It goes much further than NCAA violations from coaches looking to cash a big paycheck. It?s schools jumping to different conferences and thus eliminating long-standing rivalries; players leaving after one year for the NBA or another school for more playing time; and a schedule loaded with patsies before Christmas.
Going south
At Southern Illinois, there?s plenty of rebuilding to do after former Salukis coach Chris Lowery only won 36 games over the previous three seasons. Attendance dropped at SIU Arena from 7,743 during the run to the Sweet 16 in 2007 to 3,299 last season.
Coach Barry Hinson signed a contract paying him $250,000 a season before increases in the next three seasons. His main bonus incentive comes from ticket revenue. Once SIU reaches $850,000 in ticket revenue per season, Hinson gets a bump. It?s one way an athletic department strapped for cash can repay a successful coach.
?If we?re making money, Barry is sharing in the money,? said SIU athletic director Mario Moccia. ?That also asks the coach to keep promoting to come out to the ballgames.?
Mid-majors often have a smaller number of home games because they don?t have revenues to buy guarantee dates. Thus, home games could be a bigger deal, especially in a smaller market with less competition from TV coverage or elsewhere for the entertainment dollar.
?It?s kind of like, ?You don?t want to miss any home games,?? Moccia said. ?This is the place to be. I don?t feel TV hurts us.?
That?s the battle, from Duke?s Section 17 to Carbondale and all points in between.
John Supinie can be reached at 377-1977. Follow him on Twitter at @Johnsupinie.
***
On the slide
Overall average attendance (regular season and tournaments) for Division I men?s basketball games has continued a fall that started after 2007.
Year?? ?Teams Total att. ?????? Average
2007?? ?325?? ?27,705,912?? ?5,548
2008?? ?328?? ?28,135,901?? ?5,524
2009?? ?330?? ?27,767,111?? ?5,378
2010?? ?334?? ?27,539,459?? ?5,245
2011?? ?335?? ?27,626,165?? ?5,237
2012?? ?338?? ?27,691,051?? ?5,190
Source: NCAA
Bracket buster
Attendance for NCAA tournament games has declined from 2008?s average.
Year?? ? Gms Total att. ? Average
2007?? ?35?? ?696,002?? ?19,886
2008?? ?35?? ?763,607?? ?21,817
2009?? ?35?? ?708,296?? ?20,237
2010?? ?35?? ?706,246?? ?20,178
2011?? ?36?? ?690,679?? ?19,186
2012?? ?36?? ?717,185?? ?19,922
Source: NCAA
Big sellers
Leaders in 2012 attendance by conference, overall
?? ??????????????????????? Gms ?? Attendance?? Average Rise/fall
Big Ten?? ???????????? 222?? ?2,856,785?? ?12,868???? +42
SEC?? ????????????????? 215?? ?2,475,188?? ?11,513?? ? +325
Big 12?? ?????????????? 172?? ?1,901,846?? ?11,057?? ? +341
Big East?? ??????????? 288?? ?3,133,782?? ?10,881?? ? -442
ACC?? ????????????????? 209?? ?2,064,113?? ?9,876?? ??? -390
Mountain West?? ?140?? ?1,092,044?? ?7,800?? ???? -1,322
Pac-12?? ????????????? 221??? 1,578,565?? ?7,143?? ??? -665
Missouri Valley?? ? 164?? ?1,158,525?? ?7,064?? ??? -123
Atlantic 10?? ???????? 218?? ?1,211,175?? ?5,556?? ??? +307
Conference USA? 203?? ?1,101,962?? ?5,428?? ??? -251
Conference tournaments
Conf ???????? Sessions ? Att. ?????????? Average
Big Ten?? ????????????? 6?? ?107,737?? ?17,956
SEC?? ?????????????????? 6?? ?86,270?? ?? 14,378
Big 12?? ??????????????? 5?? ?94,894?? ?? 18,979
Big East?? ???????????? 8?? ?160,456?? ?20,057
ACC?? ?????????????????? 6?? ?117,120?? ?19,520
Mountain West?? ?? 4?? ?50,499?? ?12,625
Pac-12?? ?????????????? 6?? ?53,629?? ?8,938
Missouri Valley?? ?? 5 ?? ?62,283?? ?12,457
Atlantic 10?? ????????? 8?? ?41,565?? ?5,196
Conference USA?? 6?? ?65,069?? ?10,845
By school
School?? ?Games?? ?Attendance?? ?Average
1. Kentucky?? ?18?? ?426,978?? ?23,721
2. Syracuse?? ?19?? ?448,736?? ?23,618
3. Louisville?? ?20?? ?430,052?? ?21,503
4. N. Carolina 18?? ?362,867?? ?20,159
5. Wisconsin?? 18?? ?309,255?? ?17,181
Illinois schools in the top 100
School?? ?Games?? ?Attendance?? ?Average
14. Illinois?? ?18*?? ?269,739*?? ?14,986*
67. DePaul?? ?16?? ?123,832?? ?7,740
68. Bradley?? ?16?? ?122,245?? ?7,640
Others
Northwestern?? ?17?? ?101,531?? ?5,972
Illinois State?? ?? 17?? ?81,310?? ?4,783
Southern Illinois 14?? ? 46,186?? ?3,299
Illinois-Chicago? 14?? ?41,077?? ?2,934
Loyola?? ???????????? 13?? ?29,596?? ?2,277
SIU-Edwardsville 13?? ?21,122?? ?1,625
Eastern Illinois?? ? 14?? ?18,582?? ?1,327
Western Illinois?? ?14?? ?16,541?? ?1,182
Northern Illinois?? ?15?? ?14,940?? ?996
Chicago State?? ?? 12?? ?5,146?? ?429
*includes Illini?s game in Chicago vs. UNLV that drew 15,144 at United Center
?Source: NCAA
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Saturday, June 23, 2012
Dick Cheney's daughter marries her partner
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Immune system molecule weaves cobweb-like nanonets to snag Salmonella, other intestinal microbes
Immune system molecule weaves cobweb-like nanonets to snag Salmonella, other intestinal microbes
Friday, June 22, 2012A team of researchers led by UC Davis Health System has found that human alpha-defensin 6 (HD6) ? a key component of the body's innate defense system ? binds to microbial surfaces and forms "nanonets" that surround, entangle and disable microbes, preventing bacteria from attaching to or invading intestinal cells.
The research describes an entirely new mechanism of action for defensins, an important group of molecules known to bolster the defenses of circulating white blood cells, protect cellular borders from invasive pathogens and regulate which "friendly" microbes can colonize body surfaces. The discovery provides important clues to inflammatory bowel diseases, especially Crohn's disease, which may be caused, in part, by deficiencies in HD6 levels or function.
A paper describing the work appears in the June 22 issue of the journal Science.
"During the past 25 years, researchers have learned a lot about the biological function of defensins, but the role of HD6, a particular molecule that is highly expressed in the intestines, was a mystery," said Charles L. Bevins, professor of microbiology and immunology at UC Davis. "We now know that HD6 has a very unique role in the body's innate immune system. Its ability to latch onto microbial surfaces and self-assemble to cast a fibrous net around bacteria, including pathogens like Salmonella and Yersinia, as well as fungi and protozoan parasites, gives the intestine, a critical part of the body, a powerful and broad spectrum of defense against potential threats."
Bevins is co-senior author of the paper along with his UC Davis colleague Professor Andreas B?umler, an expert in bacterial pathogenesis; UCLA Emeritus Professor Robert I. Lehrer, whose laboratory was the first to discover defensins in the early 1980s; and Professor Wuyuan Lu, a synthetic protein chemist from the University of Maryland School of Medicine whose work provided clues to HD6's subtle and unique properties. First author Hiutung Chu, a graduate student in the Bevins lab who is now a fellow at the California Institute of Technology, was a driving force on the nine-year quest to solve the HD6 puzzle.
About the protein HD6
Defensins are a family of structurally related, small peptides with antibiotic activity found throughout nature in plants and animals. Humans make six different alpha-defensins. Two of these, HD5 and HD6, are secreted by Paneth cells, specialized secretory cells located within the folds of the small intestinal lining. HD5 has well-known antibacterial properties while the function of HD6 had been unknown. The defensin-rich secretions of Paneth cells work in conjunction with nearby intestinal stem cells to maintain micro flora balance and renew intestinal cellular surfaces.
Chu's graduate work focused on characterizing the biological activity of HD6 in studies using cultured intestinal epithelial cells and transgenic mouse models. Although Chu and Bevins anticipated HD6 activity would be very similar to other alpha-defensins, which kill pathogens by poking holes in the microbial membrane, their early research studies repeatedly showed that HD6 did not kill bacteria. Puzzled, they then looked for other possible functions, collaborating with UC Davis professors Angela Gelli and Scott Dawson to see if HD6 might kill only certain bacteria, fungi or parasites. It did not.
After two years into the project and feeling frustrated about the negative results, Bevins and Chu carefully reviewed the experimental data. That's when they recognized two crucial pieces of information. The first was that whenever HD6 was added to suspensions of either bacteria or fungi, a white haze, or precipitate, formed in the solution (see image below). The second was that early studies conducted in collaboration with B?umler had shown that while HD6 did not kill the bacterial pathogen Salmonella, it protected transgenic mice from an otherwise lethal infection.
"When we put these two results together, we were able to systematically show that HD6 was inhibiting microbial invasion and uncover HD6's unique structure and function at multiple levels," said Bevins.
On the road to discovery
The UC Davis team then collaborated with Lehrer, whose research focuses on the study of defensins and other antimicrobial peptides that serve as natural antibiotics. In his laboratory, he had a surface plasmon resonance instrument that measured molecular binding in real time. This technique captured the progressive assembly of HD6 molecules, from binding to bacterial proteins at the microbial cell surface to the self-assembly to form fibrils and the sequential addition of fibrils (see images below).
Through the expertise of Lu, a synthetic protein chemist and expert in defensin structure and function relationships, the team obtained sufficient quantities of the highest-grade HD6 peptide and subtle molecular variants of HD6 to test their hypotheses experimentally. Lu was able to identify critical structural components of HD6 that enabled it to self-assemble into fibrils. One feature unique to HD6 is the manner in which four HD6 molecules combine to form a building block whose further assembly creates both fibers and nets. The researchers also found that changing just one of the 32 amino-acid residues of the HD6 molecule -- histidine-27 -- impaired HD6's ability to form a tetramer in the x-ray crystal structure. As a result, HD6 lost the special binding that Lehrer found in his real-time experiments, blocked the ability of HD6 to form nanonets and abrogated its ability to inhibit bacterial invasion.
The B?umler laboratory created vital bacterial mutants affecting the molecules that HD6 initially binds to on the surface of the microbe. When those molecules were knocked out in the transgenic mouse model, HD6 did not form the fibrils on the bacterial surface.
"This series of experiments provided the vital 'glue' to bind the many facets of the story together, and to convince ourselves and our peers that we had finally solved the mechanism of HD6 action," commented Bevins.
Clues to innate immunity and inflammatory bowel diseases
The UC Davis research describes how HD6 contributes to the body's innate immunity, which protects from microbes that the immune system might not have any experience in managing.
"The innate immune system has to be able to deal with diverse microbes that might have all kinds of tricks that cause infection," said Bevins. "After we've been exposed to a microbe or an infection the first time and survive it, the adaptive immune system can recognize and remember specific pathogens to generate immunity and to mount stronger defenses each time the pathogen is encountered. HD6 is a major player in helping the body prevent potentially dangerous pathogens from coming into close physical contact with intestinal epithelial cells of the intestine, as well as the stem cells that continuously renew the epithelial cell surface."
Previously published studies from the Bevins lab have linked alpha-defensins and Crohn's disease, a chronic inflammatory bowel disease that investigators associated with HD5 and HD6 deficiencies. The secretions of these defensins typically occur at the base of the out pouches (so-called crypts) of the small intestinal surface, where they are ready to fend off bacteria that become dangerously close to the intestinal lining. Individuals with Crohn's disease, however, tend to accumulate invasive bacteria in this same area, developing a chronic inflammation that is self-perpetuating.
"With less of these important defense molecules, microbes that would normally exist in the gut, can irritate the intestinal surface and cause the chronic inflammation that characterizes Crohn's disease," said Bevins. "We know a lot about HD5's antimicrobial activities, so it makes sense why reduced HD5 levels might contribute or allow this condition to progress. Now we have a clue how HD6 levels play a role."
Future studies on Crohn's disease by this team aim to better understand exactly why alpha?defensin-expression is reduced in individuals with Crohn's disease, and perhaps devise strategies to boost the body's production of these vital molecules.
"The multidisciplinary approach that we used to 'crack' the obscure and complex action of HD6 exemplifies the power of team science," Bevins said. "Not to be underestimated, however, is the courage and tenaciousness of graduate student Hiutung Chu in leading the experimental investigations. Many blind alleys were visited as we investigated this molecule, and those frustrating diversions can erode confidence and morale. Hiutung deserves tremendous credit for persevering through those setbacks."
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University of California - Davis Health System: http://www.ucdmc.ucdavis.edu
Thanks to University of California - Davis Health System for this article.
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Impotence Problems Drugs- Forget About Confined To The Tag By ...
Impotence Problems Drugs- Forget About Confined To The Tag By Yourself!
The particular heading must have sort of startled you, right? Properly, the news that i am gonna give you now would likely make whatever you men execute a jig. It has been within a tiny research in the us that men who simply take virility ex like Levitra, Cialis, and Viagra regularly are at a lesser risk of having risky diseases like heart disease, not cancerous prostatic symptoms and cardio vascular disease. Now tell me, isn?t it a great piece of news? Doctors are actually going a little further and calling the actual ED medications as ?men?s health and fitness pills?.
virility ex just like Levitra, function by rousing an enzyme named PDE-5. The enzyme helps in the relaxation of the muscles of the penis and increases the blood flow to the penis this provides you with the required result. This is the objective that ED drugs like Levitra are expected to perform. Nevertheless the researchers didn?t sit idle after the successful utilization of Levitra. These people went further and worked on the drug to see if it possesses other attractive effects to the male anatomy. And luckily for the men, they arrived with quite positive results.
The research was based on the studies made on men using Levitra about regular basis and on those who used this only just before sex. The outcomes were pretty impressive for many who were standard with Levitra. They not just were without the concerns of erection dysfunction but had been also at a lesser risk of obtaining the very ?prolific? men diseases just like cardiovascular diseases, and benign prostatic signs or symptoms. However people getting Levitra as so when required were without doubt without any erection dysfunction, however couldn?t reap another benefits.
In spite of these very luring positive? part effects? resulting from the usage of Levitra, the actual drug need to still maybe not be used as a mundane vitamins or flat iron pill and all the other like substitutes. It is absolutely mandatory on the part of an erectile dysfunction patient to order Levitra or consume Levitra just on medical supervision. Levitra is a prescribed drug and therefore it must be clear to everyone that it has side effects. If taken randomly, Levitra will often cause irreparable losses to the patient. Thus it?s only after one is prescribed Levitra can he think of cashing in on its other benefits. Again oahu is the doctor who?ll decide whether it is possible to have a daily dose of Levitra or maybe not.
As a result, some great benefits of Levitra can be applied to those only that are sanctified by the doctor to use Levitra. You ought not buy Levitra unless you?ve got a proper levitra pharmaceutical drugs. Experiments for the patient can in fact result in effects pretty opposite to people with been step by step earlier in the article. Additionally, Levitra now is primarily a great ED medication. There?s still period when it might be prescribed for its other advantages. The search results are not yet complete and convincing adequate, following that, the doctors can recommend Levitra to men without erection dysfunction.
The study people and the doctors are nevertheless hopeful of the fact that, that day is not far enough when Bayer Levitra would rise above its tag of being just an impotence problems drug. We hope that day would likely come soon.
The author writes content on health issues related to male sexuality like erection dysfunction and is also a specialist on the FDA permitted anti-impotency medicine levitra.
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Friday, June 22, 2012
Book review: Pet Care in the New Century ... - The Conscious Cat
Advances in veterinary medicine make it possible to diagnose and?treat medical conditions in pets that would have been a death sentence a decade ago. From chemotherapy to kidney transplants, pets can now receive the same level of medical care as humans. Cutting-edge?veterinary care by board-certified specialists ranging from internists to oncologists to ophtamologists is becoming more widely available than ever before.
In Pet Care in the New Century: Cutting-Edge Medicine for Dogs and Cats, Amy Shojai provides a close up look at the amazing medical options for diagnosis and treatment of disease,?as well as the high level of preventive care available to cat guardians.
This comprehensive guide covers
- the benefits of ultraound, CT scans, MRI?s and more
- advances in drugs, surgery, and rehabilitation
- molecular medicine, gene therapy, and genetics ethics
- cost issues and pet insurance options
- links to online resources and experts, including insights from more than 100 veterinary medicine specialists
The book contains an A-Z guide of 50 health and behavior conditions which outlines symptoms and treatment options (both conventional and holistic).
But this is not just a reference guide. Each section also includes a ?Modern Miracles? segment in which the author shares real life success stories from real life pet patients and guardians. Some of these stories will make your jaw drop, and others will bring tears to your eyes.
?My fondest wish is that?this book?will help you learn about various options to help you make the best choices for your individual animal?s circumstance,? says Shojai on the book?s Amazon page. ?Then it?s up to you to say ?yes? or ?no thanks? to a kidney transplant, paralysis cure, behavior help, or cancer treatments ? remembering always that there is no right or wrong answer.?
I couldn?t agree more. This book is a must have for every cat guardian. It will prove to be an invaluable guide, should you ever have to make a decision about advanced medical care for your cat.
Please note: If you?re going to purchase the print version of this book, click on the?plus sign next to ?Paperback, Bargain Price.? You?ll see the current, updated?edition in the drop down menu. The publisher is working with Amazon to correct this.
This book was given to me by the author. Receiving the complimentary copy did not influence my review.
Thank you for nominating us once a day ? each?time counts!?
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No easy way out for Assange holed up in embassy
LONDON (Reuters) - Wikileaks founder Julian Assange risks being thrown into a cell the moment he leaves the Ecuadorean Embassy in London after breaching bail to avoid extradition to Sweden.
The Australian former computer hacker, who enraged Washington in 2010 when his WikiLeaks website published secret U.S. diplomatic cables, is wanted for questioning in Sweden about sex crime allegations. He says he fears he could be sent to the United States where his life would be at risk.
News crews and a dozen supporters bearing "Free Assange" placards gathered outside the embassy, a five-storey red-brick building in the upmarket district of Knightsbridge where Assange sought refuge on Tuesday.
There was no sighting of Assange, whose distinctive white-blond hair has helped make him instantly recognizable around the world. A reporter from the Bureau of Investigative Journalism, a non-profit organization based at London's City University, was permitted inside to see Assange and said he was in good spirits.
Ecuador said Assange had expressed fears that if sent to Sweden he would be extradited to the United States where he believes he could face criminal charges punishable by death.
"I genuinely believe, and I know him well, that he fears for his life," said Vaughan Smith, who hosted Assange at his country mansion for 13 months after the Australian was freed on bail in December 2010.
Leftist Ecuadorean President Rafael Correa said his government is analyzing whether there are enough grounds to grant political asylum to Assange.
"Our constitution does not permit the death penalty. The right to due process is guaranteed," Correa told Venezuela's Telesur television network. "We have to analyze if these rights have been infringed, if a request for the death penalty exists."
Correa said Ecuadorean officials will take "as long as they need to" before making a decision.
"Meanwhile, Mr. Assange will stay in the Ecuadorean Embassy in London, under the protection of the Ecuadorean state," he said.
By diplomatic convention, British police cannot enter the embassy without authorization from Ecuador. But even if Quito granted him asylum, he has no way of travelling to Ecuador without passing through London and exposing himself to arrest.
"He has breached one of his bail conditions which was to be at his bail address between 10 p.m. and 8 a.m. every day ... He is subject to arrest under the Bail Act," said a spokesman for London's Metropolitan Police.
CENSORSHIP
Legal experts said it was unclear what would happen to a 240,000-pound ($377,000) deposit provided by Assange's supporters, including a number of celebrities, to secure his bail.
Asked by Twitter by Britain's Guardian newspaper whether she was on the hook, socialite Jemima Khan tweeted back: "Yes. I had expected him to face the allegations. I am as surprised as anyone by this." Khan declined to say how much she had paid.
Assange, whose unpredictable behavior and love of the limelight have cost him the support of some former friends and colleagues, lost a long-running legal battle last week to avoid extradition from Britain to Sweden.
His 11th-hour decision to seek refuge in the embassy was more reminiscent of Cold War espionage dramas than the British legal process. The dramatic move drew widespread criticism.
"He is asking for protection of freedom of expression for journalists, but he is asking for asylum in a country that is basically censoring newspapers," Frank La Rue, U.N. special investigator for freedom of expression, told Reuters.
Correa has clashed with journalists since he took office in 2007, accusing a "media dictatorship" of undermining his rule. Opponents accuse him of seeking to silence dissenting voices.
Assange expressed sympathy with Correa's war on media while interviewing him on Russia Today, an English language TV channel sponsored by the Kremlin that employs Assange.
"Let's get rid of these false stereotypes depicting wicked governments persecuting saint-like and courageous journalists and news outlets. Often, Julian, it's the other way round," Correa said during the interview.
"President Correa, I agree with your market description of the media. We have seen this again and again, that big media organizations that we have worked with ... have censored our material against our agreement," Assange said in response.
"CLUB OF THE PERSECUTED"
WikiLeaks made a huge impact in 2010 by working with prestigious newspapers in several countries that published some of the material it had obtained, but later fell out with them.
Assange has been criticized for agreeing to host his own chat show on Russia Today, given the Russian authorities' own dubious record on freedom of speech.
After disregarding diplomatic protocol by publishing cables that were supposed to be confidential, Assange is now relying on diplomatic convention to shield himself from a legal extradition process. Critics pointed to the irony.
"Getting too enamored of the idea that Julian Assange is a whistleblower misses the reality that confidentiality on the part of governments is not all bad," U.S. human rights ambassador Eileen Chamberlain Donahoe told reporters in Geneva.
Assange's decision to appeal to Ecuador, which briefly offered Assange residency at the height of the WikiLeaks furor in November 2010 before backing off, follows his Russia Today interview with Correa, posted on YouTube on May 22.
"Cheer up. Welcome to the club of the persecuted," Correa told Assange at the end of the 25-minute interview, during which the pair traded flattering comments and jokes.
Assange praised Correa for getting more done for his country than President Barack Obama was achieving for the United States.
Neither U.S. nor Swedish authorities have charged Assange with anything. Swedish prosecutors want to question him about allegations of rape and sexual assault made by two women, former WikiLeaks volunteers, in 2010. Assange says he had consensual sex with the women.
Having exhausted all possible avenues offered by the British courts, Assange's only option to keep fighting extradition would be an appeal to the European Court of Human Rights.
($1 = 0.6364 British pounds)
(Additional reporting by Avril Ormsby and Stephen Addison in London, Stephanie Nebehay in Geneva and Eduardo Garcia in Quito; Writing by Estelle Shirbon; Editing by Peter Graff and Bill Trott)
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New home-based business? | 7 Moneys
Posted by 7Moneys on June 22, 2012
Question by sicilia: New home-based business?
I am interested in becoming a MK beauty consultant. I have a degree in that area, and I have such great ideas. How do I sell my husband on this venture? He wants me to get a job with retirement benefits, but I want to do something I will enjoy. Any advice?
Best answer:
Answer by leftturnlady
That?s a tough one.
I know when I started my home business, I put x amount of money in a savings account not to be touched.
Try to talk him into letting you do the MK for so many months and let him see the what kind of money you are making. Plus if your upline or see if there are testimonials from other people on the money they have made?show him and go from there.
Corine
http://corinescandlebiz.tripod.com
What do you think? Answer below!
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Thursday, June 21, 2012
Video: Executive Privilege Election Impact?
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Splitting the Difference in Negotiation - Business Negotiation Services
Last night I was conducting research in negotiation (American Pickers was on TV) and I watched a classic negotiation technique (Splitting the Difference) play out.? Mike was looking at a motorcycle frame and asked the owner how much he wanted for it.? The man said ?$1,000?.? Mike offered him $800.? The man came back with an offer to split the difference at $900.
Okay, what would you do?? Meeting you half-way seems fair and then you are both happy right?? Wrong.? If you are sharp and look at the situation, this offer moves the seller substantially toward the buyer and is a big concession on the seller?s part.? Are you in the money and is it at?a price you can accept, can you get? more from the seller by offering something less than that amount, what is your read of the other party ? is this their final offer?? Mike did not want to pay $900, and figured the guy would come down more so he offered him $825.? There was not much movement on Mike?s part and it put the seller in a position where he had to stay where he was at $900 and risk not making a sell or offer a further concession.? He agreed to the $825 price and shook on the deal.
This illustrates the danger of splitting the difference, which is that you ?tell? the other party that you are willing to go at least that far in price and leave yourself open for further concessions.?? What could he have done differently to avoid this if his goal was to end at $900?? One way would be to move toward that number in smaller increments to see where the buyer is on price.? On the other hand if he was trying to get rid of it (to me it was a piece of junk that was literally rusting away) then offering to split the difference was a good signal to let the buyer know he was willing to negotiate and get an agreement.
The bottom line is to be careful if you offer to split the difference.? You might not be where the other party wants to be and you may get a counteroffer that you cannot accept.
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Restaurant Reviews from Bernardsville (Italian) to DC (Thai) | Dine ...
While I was in DC this past weekend for the Fancy Food Show (more on that in a later post) I dined at Little Serow, the newest restaurant from Johnny Monis. I have been a fan of this Beard-nominated chef since the early days of Komi, his modern Greek restaurant. A Thai place ? and one focusing on the cooking of the Isaan region in the north, near Laos ? was the last thing I expected of this Greek-American chef. But he pulls it off ? with typical quirkiness and (as far as I can tell) authenticity.
little serow (Photo credit: cristinabe)
Both the quirks and the cuisine warrant a few cautions. Little Serow (which, as the website explains, rhymes with arrow and is a kind of goat) accepts no reservations for its 28 stools in a dim, bare-bones but cool space that features brick walls painted sea green and a rippled metal ceiling. There?s no phone. Parties larger than four are not allowed. Diners line up outside the basement space (next door to Komi, in Dupont Circle East) and wait for seats to open up. The restaurant will text you when they become available, so going for a drink nearby makes this a non-issue.
Little Serow serves a seven-course dinner of small shared plates, for $45. The menu changes weekly; no substitutions are allowed. If you have allergies, forget about it. Don?t like fresh cilantro? You?ll encounter it often. Can?t tolerate spicy chile heat? You are hereby warned. As for myself, I love cilantro but have my limits on firepower. The food here did not exceed them, and the abundant fresh chilies add such depth of flavor, such soulful resonance, it?s impossible to imagine the dishes without them.
My party of four opted to go with matching beverages for a reasonable $35 additional. These proved as intriguing as the food, and ridiculously well thought out. Here are brief descriptions of all (just assume chilies feature in everything but dessert):
First to arrive was a basket of light, airy, crisp, grease-free but immensely flavorful pork rinds with an addictive dipping condiment (naam phrik ong) of minced pork, shrimp paste, and tomato. 
Paired with this was a cocktail from a section of the wine and beer list labeled ?wine on ice.? Ours was a combination of Riesling with house-made Armagnac (I could have sworn our personable and informative server said Carmagnac, but that doesn?t seem to exist), plus a good dose of coriander, which gave it a pleasing herbal quality, and cinnamon (not enough to be noticeable).
Next came these irresistible lettuce cups (miang kham), each with a dollop of a mixture of dried shrimp, fermented cabbage, tamarind, ginger, chilies, and peanuts in light dressing the flavor of which conjured hoisin sauce. A dry Riesling was the perfect accompaniment.
Below is a lush, spicy salad of king salmon (yum bla mamuang), featuring slabs of moist, silky, flavorful fish with green mango, fresh turmeric, and lots of cilantro.
Next up was a dish of wonderfully crispy shredded ingredients (laap meuang) ? pork, shallots, and fresh green sawtooth (an herb sometimes called culantro), and this and the following dish went beautifully with our first beer, a hoppy but not overly hoppy IPA.
The next, fifth, dish was perhaps my favorite: a mound of chunks of what the menu called crispy rice (khad tod) ? and was probably chunks of crisp-cooked sticky rice but tasted for all the world like rice cakes coated with a tasty spicy sauce and tossed with tons of fresh mint sprigs, cilantro, and peanuts. With it: a sweet Riesling ? like, dessert-sweet ? that played off beautifully against the formidable heat.
Next came a supposedly less fire-filled mix of greens (yum phak), including fava leaves (!), and spring pea pods tossed in a tamarind sauce with crunchy shallots on top. Here was the only drink none of the four of us in my party liked: a French hard cider ? usually a favorite! ? but really funky. My group?s tasting notes include ?Band-aids? and ?sports body spray.? Oh dear.
After that, the dish that became everyone else?s favorite, and with good reason: pork ribs the size of fat thumbs (si krong muu). They come on the bone but the meat just about falls off. These showstoppers are drier rather than wet, and deeply flavored with Mekhong whiskey and dill. To accompany: smoked beer. That?s right, smoked?beer. So smoky only a cigar aficionado could love it. (But I see where Monis was going with this.)
Dessert is not listed on the menu, but we got these not-too-sweet cubes, with a bottom layer of creamy sticky rice and a top layer of the smoothest coconut custard ever. 
This was one of the most memorable meals I?ve had in a long time. My only complaint is that the food and drink came too fast ? I would have liked to have savored each a bit more. On the other hand, we did not feel pressured to leave. (My thanks to Jennifer Haskins for the food photos. She managed to take good shots even after we were asked not to use flash.)
Osteria Morini, Bernardsville
For a dining experience closer to home, check out my review of Osteria Morini, the Bernardsville outpost of Michael White?s famed SoHo eatery. (The print version appears in the July issue of New Jersey Monthly.) Osteria Morini took over the space that had been Due Terre ? another property of White?s Altamarea Group. Among the veterans producing White?s signature takes on rustic Italian fare at Osteria Morini are Bill Dorrler (formerly at Due Mari in New Brunswick, another White property), Kevin Knevals (chef de cuisine here), and Francois Rousseau (one of the managers, also from Due Mari).
Now that I have you hankering to dine out?..
It?s just about time for the first NJ-based Eat Drink Local Week!
To help celebrate its fifth anniversary, Edible Jersey magazine is inaugurating this festival, for which more than 30 of the state?s top restaurants will celebrate farm-fresh ingredients with special seasonal menus at special prices, from June 23 to June 30. Among the offers: elements in Princeton is featuring a 3-course dinner for $39 and New Brunswick?s Frog & Peach has a prix fixe menu for $35. For the full list of restaurants, from A (A Toute Heure, Cranford) to V (Via 45, Red Bank) click here.
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Wednesday, June 20, 2012
India: Police Investigations -- Mind Over Batter
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India: Police Investigations -- Mind Over Batter
Mihir Srivastava
December 25, 2010
Increasing police atrocities on suspects have led a parliamentary committee to recommend capital punishment to police officials for custodial deaths. The committee has suggested that "threats of rape" during interrogation would be considered torture. It is alleged that interrogations of suspects is all about inflicting torture: threat of rape, sodomy, electrocution or forced sniffing of clothes soaked in menstrual blood, apart from physical pain. These measures are used by the police to extract confessions from accused persons, especially since most investigations in terror-related cases are primarily based on confessional statements of suspects.
Instead of resorting to such extreme measures, a better way would be to utilise trained psychologists to question suspects along with the police. Psychologists have expertise that can effectively distinguish between recounting a story out of memory or imagination. They also enable traumatised victims of behaviourial crimes to open up, which helps in nabbing culprits in cases of sexual assault, child sex abuse, homicide, kidnapping and violence. Such cases cause mental trauma, leaving the victim's memory and perception fragmented, and leading to post-traumatic stress disorder.
"Psychologists can not only assist the criminal justice system by empowering victims to book the culprits but also help them overcome the trauma, guilt and self-blame that makes them a non-person psychologically," says Justice V.S. Malimath, former chief justice of the Kerala and Karnataka High Courts, who chaired the commission on the rights of victims. Psychologists' testimonies on crimes and their perpetrators have helped secure convictions in about too cases over the last three years in Delhi.
A 19-year-old rape accused was convicted after the il-year-old mentally challenged victim deposed in court with the help of a psychologist. She was able to recall that the accused had a burn mark on his feet, which led to his arrest. When the body of a six-year-old girl was found floating in a water tank in Delhi's Mehrauli area in 2008, Rajat Mitra, who heads an ngo called Sanchetan, was called in to assess the crime. He concluded that the perpetrator was young, was known to the girl, was a paedophile and a local. Om Prakash, a 30-year-old, was then arrested. After three days of rigourous psychological questioning, he confessed to having sex with children and that he had killed the girl. Mitra also helped solve the murder of a woman whose is-year-old daughter went mute after witnessing the killing. Such assessments could have helped nab the culprits in the May 2008 twin murder case of Aarushi and domestic help Hemraj in Noida.
In the July 28,2003 Rajouri Garden double murder case, the Delhi High Court upheld convict Rajesh Kumar's death sentence based on a psychologist's report that negated Kumar's insanity plea. Kumar had killed his brother-in-law's two minor sons.
Unlike the narco-analysis test which is inadmissible in court, psychological inputs have helped secure convictions where they provided details/analysis to the court about motives, deception, memory, nature of recall and the victims' trauma. They have helped investigations by profiling the suspect by analysing the scene of the crime. Justice Malimath says: "Third degree treatment by the police makes a suspect suffer the same way as a rape victim; he becomes a non-person psychologically. He says what police want to hear".
In the battle against criminals, psychologists may be ones with the answers.
# # #
About AHRC: The Asian Human Rights Commission is a regional non-governmental organisation that monitors human rights in Asia, documents violations and advocates for justice and institutional reform to ensure the protection and promotion of these rights. The Hong Kong-based group was founded in 1984.
ENDS
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What About Daylight Saving Time?
Daylight Saving Time has been associated with advantages regarding energy usage and the enjoyment of longer sun hours. These advantages are mainly observed in higher latitudes however as day and night times are merely constant close to the equator. This article will take a brief look at the debate.
Daylight Saving Time or summer time, commonly abbreviated as DST, is the process of moving the clock one hour forward in spring and one hour backward in autumn. Usually this change in time happens during the night at 2pm, moving forward to 3pm, and 3pm, moving backward to 2pm. The process is coordinated all across country or time zone boundaries.
The concept has been first proposed by Benjamin Franklin in 1784 and was first implemented in 1916 in Germany and then most of the other European countries in order to optimize the total amount of sunlight hours during the day and save energy during World War I. Today various countries, especially in Europe and North America use Daylight Saving Time (although many countries have introduced and abandoned the concept).
The main argument for turning the clock forward is to use the sun hours during the summer most efficiently. Public life does not start earlier in the summer although there is sun early in the morning due to the longer days. This is mainly because most human activities are being bound to a fixed schedule, e.g. work starts at a certain time, school schedules are fixed etc. Now the logic is that if a human sleeps for a certain amount of hours (usually around or below 8 hours), you might as well sleep while there is no daylight. In the higher latitudes daylight can can be observed in the summer for around 16 hours at times (depending on the location). By moving the clock forward in the summer, the average schedule will be pushed to an earlier time and the average citizen will be able to enjoy most of the sunlight awake. Optimizing the productive hours for the population is usually associated with savings in energy usage (since most people sleep when it is dark and therefore use less energy). In addition the average population will enjoy more light in their free leisure time in the evening.
The opposition to switching the clock is mainly citing the disruption caused due to turning clocks forwards and backwards. While the act of coordinating a time change is already very expensive there are several impacts on human nature as well. Moving the clock forward and therefore forcing a different schedule on humans can be very intrusive in a person?s rhythm. Think about a slight jet lag that comes from the change in rhythm due to the time change. While energy usage is often cited as main argument in today?s changing industry landscape this might not impact the overall energy consumption enough to justify the time switch. Global time zones already add quite some complexity to a globalized world, switching the time only adds to this complexity.
An alternative is to introduce permanent Daylight Saving Time as being practiced in some countries such as Argentine or Georgia. The summer time is used throughout the year eliminating the need for a complex switch twice a year. In addition the full advantages of DST can be observed in the summer.
In his spare time Jan works on tizomat.com an easy tool for time zone lookup, conversion and especially visualisation.
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